![hippocampus stereology hippocampus stereology](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alessandro-Castorina-2/publication/287796884/figure/fig1/AS:594184721416192@1518676085007/Morphometric-and-stereological-evaluations-in-the-hippocampus-of-WT-and-D-3-R-A-A-mice.png)
Running has a strong positive effect on adult neurogenesis 13, 14 in association with enhanced synaptic plasticity and memory function (see recent reviews refs. The functional relevance of new hippocampal neurons is based on regulatability by a variety of stimuli, including both behavioral and biological conditions 7, 12. Adult-born neurons exhibit enhanced synaptic and structural plasticity for weeks to months during their integration into neural circuits 2, 11. Around ~4 weeks of age the primary dendrite has extended multiple branches into the molecular layer, mature neuronal markers (NeuN, Calbindin) are expressed, axons have reached area CA3, and the cells receive afferent entorhinal cortex input. GABAergic neurotransmission becomes inhibitory at 2–3 weeks of new neuron age, concomitant with the growth of dendritic spines (reviewed by refs. One-week-old neuroblasts receive basal forebrain cholinergic as well as intrahippocampal excitatory glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs 9, 10. These cells are gradually incorporated into the hippocampal network. Ki-67, MCM2), that can develop into neuroblasts (type 3 cells), positive for doublecortin (DCX), PSA-NCAM, Calretinin (reviewed by refs. In particular, radial glial cells, called type 1 cells, are neural stem cells that give rise to rapidly amplifying progenitors (type 2 cells) expressing proliferation markers (e.g.
![hippocampus stereology hippocampus stereology](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/cms/asset/6c26b37d-2663-4fa7-b41b-302d9aafb950/141fig1.jpg)
Adult-born hippocampal neurons mature over weeks of sequential changes in morphology, physiology and stage-specific expression of molecular markers 2, 7.